Pakistan has been considered a U.S. ally since the cold war. They didn't face any repercussion from sheltering Bin Laden in order to maintain that status and avoid a lot of uncomfortable truths for both nations. The entire raid on Bin Laden's compound was done without notifying/getting permission from Pakistan, which could easily be construed as an act of war. The U.S. never formally stated Pakistan was harboring Bin Laden in part for them ignoring the U.S. raid violating a lot of laws/agreements.
Russia is a very different sutuationsituation for a lot of reasons.
- They aren't/weren't an ally post cold war.
- They invaded a sovereign country the U.S. had a defense pact with.
- Interfering with elections is a pretty big deal to the country tatthat it happens to. There are a whole lot of countries that don't like the U.S. because of this.
- Attempted assassination of an ex-spy in a foreign country is very similar to what the U.S. did with Bin Laden, only Russia didn't have any leverage over the U.K.