Well your process is missing a few things.
The nomination Confirmation process in a nutshell:
President Nominates
1a. Nominee accepts or rejects the nomination
Senate Judiciary Committee Hearings
2a. The Senate Judiciary Committee schedule interviews with the candidate (Certian members of the whole senate may choose to request the interviews as well which traditionally are honored)
2b. The Judiciary Chair schedules hearings, tradition holds that the hearings are not scheduled until all members have a chance to interview the nominee
2c. The Judiciary Committee holds hearings where the committee can ask on the record questions of the nominee that can help guide the senate as a whole in the confirmation decision. However recently this has mostly devolved into presidents party lobs softballs, and the opposing side asks questions that are thinly veiled attacks on the character of the nominee and the nominee dodges any questions that happen to have any real meat.
2d. The Committee votes to recommend or reject the candidate. This vote is mostly ceremonial as if the committee votes likely reject the nominee the president often withdraws the nomination to avoid the spectacle. However the Chairman has no requirement to actually schedule the vote so the committee chair could freeze the nominee in the process by not scheduling the committee vote. There are several lower court nominees that are stuck in this part of the process.
Senate Debate. Every Senator is given the chance to make statements and engage in debate about the nominee. There is no limit to the time that any senator can take and this is where a filibuster could take place. A filibuster is where a senator or group of senators continue on often about things that have nothing to do with the debate. In order to end a filibuster a cloture vote is required that would take at least 60 senators voting for cloture to enact.
Senate Vote. Following the cloture vote the Senate as a whole votes. This requires a majority vote to confirm. If the nominee is rejected the process starts anew with the president introducing a new nomination.
Presidential Appointment. Once the vote is complete and the nominee is confirmed the president then can make the formal appointment to the position. The president is not obligated to make the appointment, but if he chooses not to then the process would have to be started anew.