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The question derived from Russia's recent action on Crimea. I wondered why didn't China support Crimean annexation. A local user mentioned the region Amur-Khabarovsk-Primorsky or Eastern-Manchuria, which was part of China, and in the Treaty of Aigun it ceded to Tzarist Russia.
Does China (any of legal Chinese government, like Republic or People's Republic of China) keep up any form of a claim on the territory nowadays?
No, it does not appear to maintain such a revanchist claim.
The Chinese and Soviets skirmished over some of this same territory back in the late 1960s, but my understanding today is that most of the substantive territorial disagreements are resolved. The parties signed a 1991 agreement (see scholarly discussion here) that wrapped up a lot of the disagreements, including the Amur River region. This also corrected for the 1850s treaty-based border changes that China argued disproportionately favored Russia.
Although the two countries have had subsequent border adjustments (see, e.g., 2008 transfer of some islands), I do not believe China still maintains any substantial territory claims against Russia. It does still have claims against other nations, such as Taiwan, Japan, Philippines, India, etc. (see here for a Wikipedia listing of territorial claims).
