In Germany, the parliament has just agreed on a successor for one of the judges of the constitutional court. The candidate has to be elected in parliament with 2/3 of the votes as well as the majority of all members.
As smaller parties can therefore have a blocking minority, this lead to informal agreements of the parliament fractions who alternatingly support the candidate of the others (it's a bit more complicated as this, see BPB - "Handwörterbuch des politischen Systems der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" / Bundesverfassungsgericht, Section 4, Par. 4, and also sometimes disregarded (Legal Tribune Online, 12.02.2008).
However, as far as I could find in the laws (see below), this required 2/3 of the votes is not mandated by the constitution, but in the "Law about the federal constitutional court" (BVerfGG). Laws can be changed with simple majority in parliament.
- Could a simple majority in parliament and state chamber (Bundesrat) therefore replace this requirement and elect a candidate by altering the BVerfGG as a "nuclear option" similar to the US?
- If the parliament cannot agree within 2 months, the court itself proposes three candidates (BVerfGG §7a (1)). What happens if the parliament cannot agree with 2/3 of the votes on one of them?
Laws I could find:
(1) Das Bundesverfassungsgericht besteht aus Bundesrichtern und anderen Mitgliedern. Die Mitglieder des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes werden je zur Hälfte vom Bundestage und vom Bundesrate gewählt. Sie dürfen weder dem Bundestage, dem Bundesrate, der Bundesregierung noch entsprechenden Organen eines Landes angehören.
The federal constitutional court consists of federal judges and other members. Half of the members of the constitutional court are elected by parliament, half by the state chamber. They must not be members of parliament, the state chamber, the federal government or any analogous organ on the state level.
(1) Die vom Bundestag zu berufenden Richter werden auf Vorschlag des Wahlausschusses nach Absatz 2 ohne Aussprache mit verdeckten Stimmzetteln gewählt. Zum Richter ist gewählt, wer eine Mehrheit von zwei Dritteln der abgegebenen Stimmen, mindestens die Mehrheit der Stimmen der Mitglieder des Bundestages auf sich vereinigt.
The judges to be elected by parliament are elected after proposal of the parliamentary election commmittee following paragraph (2) without formal debate and in secret ballot. Who has a majority of two thirds of the votes and the majority of the votes of all members of parliament, is elected.
Kommt innerhalb von zwei Monaten nach dem Ablauf der Amtszeit oder dem vorzeitigen Ausscheiden eines Richters die Wahl eines Nachfolgers auf Grund der Vorschriften des § 6 nicht zustande, so hat das älteste Mitglied des Wahlausschusses unverzüglich das Bundesverfassungsgericht aufzufordern, Vorschläge für die Wahl zu machen.
When there is no agreement on a successor within two months after the judge quit because of §6, the oldest member of the election committee has to immediately request proposals from the constitutional court