How can states sue someone in a lower court?

Question

Article III, section 2, clause 2 of the Constitution says

In all Cases...in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction.

I would interpret this as meaning that when a state is the plaintiff, the Supreme Court should have original jurisdiction regardless of who the defendant is. But this is not the case — to give a recent example, in Trump v. Hawaii, Hawaii filed suit in a district court. Why do lawsuits by states not invoke original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

This is not a duplicate of this question, which concerns lawsuits between parties that are explicitly stated as not having original jurisdiction. It does not address the question of a state as a plaintiff.

Answer 1

That section of the Constitution says that the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction when a state is a party to a case. It does not say that the Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction, and Congress has given lower courts jurisdiction over some of those cases since the Judiciary Act of 1789. The courts have upheld this concurrent jurisdiction. The only situation where Congress has given exclusive jurisdiction to the Supreme Court is lawsuits between two states.