I was watching the Biden/Trump Presidential debate and it was quite difficult to follow due to candidates speaking out of turn and constantly interrupting each other. Why don't these debates simply disconnect the candidate's microphone when it's not turn to speak, to make it impossible to interject out of turn? Has this been previously considered?
asked Sep 30, 2020 at 1:20
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13Oh, and if you would like to debate our commenting policy, please do that on politics.meta.stackexchange.com, not here.– Philipp ♦Sep 30, 2020 at 22:28
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3Given the complaints about this week's debate, they're considering it for the remaining debates in this campaign.– BarmarOct 1, 2020 at 14:08
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6It sounds like the committee in charge of debates has made this official policy for all future debates. The presidential candidates haven't officially agreed to it, but considering how bad it would look for one to refuse to do any political debates over this I think their going to have to.– dsollenOct 1, 2020 at 16:20
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3Does this answer your question? Why are the candidates allowed to speak after their two minutes runs out?– Be Brave Be Like UkraineOct 2, 2020 at 14:59
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6 Answers
Just a theory: previous Presidential debates were conducted with greater civility, and that civility functioned as a sort of automatic inner software mute switch that was already installed (via education) in the conscience of each candidate. There were occasional interjections now and then, but not enough to impede the general flow of the Presidential debate format.
So there was never before a need for a hardware mute switch... until the format met with a candidate without that software mute switch.
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68This is certainly not the first time that a candidate has repeatedly interrupted another candidate during the presidential debate. One candidate that was recently mentioned in the media for excessive interruptions was Ross Perot.– user4574Sep 30, 2020 at 18:30
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4I'd maybe agree that previous Presidential debates had "greater" civility, but only because that's not a very high bar. Problems with civility in the debates have been around for a long time. One of the more amusing ones was Gore hilariously failing to intimidate Bush. Biden frequently acted like a jerk when debating Paul Ryan. This week's debate just took the incivility to another level (which really shouldn't have been surprising considering the candidates in question.)– reirabOct 1, 2020 at 15:54
It's been done before. It comes off as unfair.
Generally the Commission on Presidential Debates tries to keep impartiality, and turning off a candidate's microphone looks like you're favoring their opponent.
Not that this would necessarily hurt the person whose microphone was turned off. In Reagan's case, this actually helped him and was even credited by some for giving him the White House (emphasis mine):
On February 23, 1980, the Telegraph received national attention during the New Hampshire presidential primary, when it hosted a Republican debate paid for by the campaign of former California Governor Ronald Reagan. During a discussion over which candidates should be allowed to participate, Telegraph editor Jon Breen (1935-2017), acting as moderator, ordered sound man Bob Molloy to shut off Reagan's microphone, which was met with shouts of protest from the audience; Molloy refused to comply. [6] Mispronouncing his name, Reagan rebuked Breen saying, "I am paying for this microphone, Mr. Green!" [sic], which was cheered by the audience and applauded by most of his fellow opponents.[7] The phrase entered the political lexicon and the publicity helped to boost Reagan's successful run for the presidency.
Reagan later recounted the incident as a "brief and seemingly small event, one lasting only a few seconds", that he said he thought, "helped take me to the White House".
After reading some comments, I have decided to expand my answer slightly and address probably the biggest criticism to my answer.
Some have pointed out that this could be implemented fairly. And I wholeheartedly agree that this could be implemented fairly.
The key here is that to do it fairly, it must be agreed upon ahead of time--which it was not in this case. Just doing it on the fly and just saying, "Hey, sound guy, turn off his mic!" comes off as unfair.
Interestingly enough, since this question (and answer) was originally posted, the Commission on Presidential Debates has now come out and said that they want to add "more structure" to the debates:
The commission said Wednesday the debate “made clear that additional structure should be added to the format of the remaining debates to ensure a more orderly discussion of the issues.”
One such option discussed is exactly this:
One possibility being discussed is to give the moderator the ability to cut off the microphone of one of the debate participants while his opponent is talking, according to a person familiar with the deliberations who was not authorized to discuss the matter publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
Though, worth noting is that this last piece of information comes from an anonymous source and not directly from the commission itself.
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41But couldn't you put a countdown timer next to each candidate and make it clear that their microphone is shut down as soon as the timer is at 0, no matter what? No need for any manual control. Sep 30, 2020 at 3:54
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5You could do that, and that would probably be fair. But whether that would seem fair is another question. It probably would seem fair if implemented that way, but there's no way to know without them doing it--which they don't at the moment.– user29681Sep 30, 2020 at 3:58
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77"turning off a candidate's microphone looks like you're favoring their opponent" - I'm not sure this is any more of a valid line of reasoning than "allowing a candidate to be interrupted looks like you're favoring their opponent".– JBentleySep 30, 2020 at 9:48
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12Re "comes off as unfair": but in fact, it was the GOP crowd in this instance that was unfairly biased in favor of that Debate's sponsor, (Reagan), who tyrannically abused his sponsorship by claiming a personal immunity from the rules the other candidates were to abide by. Imagine if Major League Baseball were conducted this way, a stadium owner could waltz on the field during a game and prevent a favorite home team runner from being tagged by ordering a visitor's baseman to get off the owner's land.– agcSep 30, 2020 at 11:58
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34This seems like it's answering a different question from the that was asked. If both candidates' microphones were always muted during the full time allotted to their opponent to speak, there wouldn't be any reason to claim unfairness. Sep 30, 2020 at 13:58
The debate rules are agreed by the candidates. If a candidate won't consent to giving the moderator an off-switch for his microphone, then it won't happen.
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The other answers go into theoretical reasons why it's not already the standard, but this is nice, short, and entirely accurate to the practical reason.– BobsonSep 30, 2020 at 18:33
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3@WoJ "it won't happen" means the candidate won't show up... which means that the debate won't happen as there are only ever two viable candidates (you could argue that in 1992 there was a third candidate, but I wouldn't agree with you). Sep 30, 2020 at 21:34
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2Is this actually true ? Is there any evidence that any candidate has ever refused to take party in a debate because of a similar rule they did not like ? I would think no candidate wants to seen as refusing to take part in a debate - that would make them look afraid, so what evidence supports your statement ? Oct 1, 2020 at 4:18
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1@J.ChrisCompton: I do not know about the US, but in France at least that would be Christmas coming early for the other candidate, who would have a whole hour or so to explain how he is the best and how the other weak, frightened candidate was scared of the democratic rules.– WoJOct 1, 2020 at 7:03
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10@StephenG Trump himself refused to take part in one of the GOP primary debates in the last election cycle because he didn't like the scheduled moderator and the network refused his demand to pick a different one. Several high-profile Democrats - including Nancy Pelosi - have suggested Biden refrain from debating Trump this year, though, of course, he hasn't (yet) taken their advice.– reirabOct 1, 2020 at 15:39
People don't want to see a series of speeches, because yawn.
They want debate. They want the cut and thrust, and that means interjections and interruptions. They want to see the politicians being challenged by each other, to see the candidates remain calm under fire. They also want the candidates to have the ability to fail by making too many unnecessary interruptions. They want the candidates to be able to make gaffes and demonstrate personal weakness in civil debate.
So I'm sure that if it was considered as a general principle, it was quickly discarded as being counter to the purpose of the show, which is to get the candidates to lock horns and see if one can out-argue the other.
And if it is done responsively (to silence a candidate whose interruptions are excessive) it looks unfair, and may be unfair.
In the recent debate, it seems that Trump was using interruptions as a deliberate tactic: to get Biden flustered and angry, as an angry person may make gaffes or misspeak. It is up to voters to decide if this succeeded.
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6Re "People don't want to see a series of speeches, because yawn.": US history does not support this assertion.– agcSep 30, 2020 at 12:23
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63You said debate, but what you meant was argument. Debates generally have rules that are supposed to be followed. Sep 30, 2020 at 13:22
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8"People don't want to see a series of speeches ... [t]hey want debate." Do you have any evidence for this?– d_bSep 30, 2020 at 21:20
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5@d_b evidence? The ratings for the Debate are probably evidence enough... as is the chatter on the internet following it... deadline.com/2020/09/… - ~73m viewers... compared to 2016 ~84m... and 2012 ~67.4m– WernerCDOct 1, 2020 at 0:41
Ideally, they would be respectful and mature enough that such measures would not be needed. Preferably, there would be precedent for polite, constructive argument exclusively on your turn to be the norm, and a certain amount of shame would be placed upon people who break that precedent. It is debatable whether such precedent exists, and given how the senate and the house of representatives operate, I'm inclined to believe it doesn't. However, in this debate, the precedent, whether it is for this style of debate or something more like I described, does not matter.
I don't think it is too political to either side to point out that the incumbent's main selling point is that he has very little shame, if any. Whether such a precedent exists is therefore irrelevant, since it works best to his strengths to ignore it regardless. He garners the most favor when he does exactly as he did here, militant interruption, making sure he is the last word, and saying whatever he has to to make the conversation steer towards where he wants it, even if it doesn't make that much sense in hindsight. The power in this strategy is that it completely shuts down every other strategy, since if no one else uses it or something similar then their speeches and posturing never reach the audience, as they keep getting stepped on, metaphorically.
A judge or regulating body given the right to silence all but one speaker is another way to make such debates more fair, mostly regardless of the respectfulness and maturity. The assumption would be that that judge was given that power by the candidates, and they are giving the judge the right to silence them, since that is what is most fair, and barring that, it is what is expected of them. You will note that this is the method implemented here, and in all presidential debates I can remember, but Chris Wallace's power in this debate is simply not respected, because the incumbent's strategy does NOT benefit from doing so. Therefore, the other candidate is under pressure to also not respect his authority, though you may note he tried to do so for a while.
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3I don't think the OP was suggesting that a moderator could silence a candidate directly, but rather an automated timer started by the moderator would cut the mic at the agreed upon deadline. This takes bias and human emotion out of the equation. Also, like other answers you suggest that the moderator was respected in previous debates, but I've been watching debates for 20 years and have never seen a moderator's 'parenting' of the candidates respected. This is worse in the primaries, but occurs at this level constantly as well.– NicholasOct 1, 2020 at 12:56
Why not disconnect the other microphones?
Cutting the microphone signal would stop the out-of-turn candidate(s) from being heard directly by the audience (though they may still be heard coming through various other microphones on the stage). This would not prevent the other debate participants from hearing the voice of the person interrupting.
Turning off the out-of-turn microphone(s) would then require the in-turn participant to make their response without being distracted by the out-of-turn comments. If the in-turn participant is distracted by the out-of-turn comments, they risk portraying themselves as unfocused at best and possibly even senile. Conversely, a particularly adept participant may attempt to put words in the out-of-turn participant(s) mouth by responding to comments which were never actually made.
Having the out-of-turn microphone(s) on allows for the audience to hear the distractions as well, putting any reactions from the in-turn participant into perspective. It also gives the in-turn participant the opportunity to spin the optics of the debate if they are capable of managing the overall tone of the interruptions with their ability to respond.
Has this been previously considered?
Yes. I'm sure virtually anyone who has watched a heated debate has asked this question. Those administering and participating in the debate must surely have considered this at some point and have therefore made the considered decision to keep all microphones hot. There is currently and has been conversation about muting the other microphones, but it has not been common practice in debates.