It's honestly not too clear to me what you're asking, but the NI [Brexit] Protocol has for example a continued consent provision... which spells out that the "local" (MLA) legislature needs to periodically re-approve it. It also has somewhat complicated provisions of how often this needs to hapen...
If the vote passes by a simple majority, consent will need to be sought again four years later. [...]
If the vote passes with cross community consent, then consent will only need to be sought again after eight years. A vote is classified as having cross community consent if either:
- A majority of total MLAs and a majority of both nationalist and unionists in attendance, vote in favour; or
- 60% of MLAs, including 40% of unionists and nationalists in attendance, vote in favour.
[...] If consent is not given, the protocol will cease to apply after two years.
So, yeah, it's possible for such things to be spelled out in treaties...
Granted, however, that this is not exactly what you seem to asking about as the NI Protocol did enter into force without such a prior vote by MLA; the "consent" vote provision is only for its continuation.
Generally speaking, many if not most international agreements nowadays have a provisional application clause, which makes them at least partially effective on signature, rather than having to wait for ratification. Don't have a citation handy fully justifying this this though, but at least for the EU ones...
Provisional application has become a quasi-automatic corollary to the signature of mixed bilateral European Union (EU) agreements. [...] The EU’s practice is found to be largely in line with the Draft Guidelines on Provisional Application that are being elaborated by the International Law Commission, although clearly it is also more refined on some points.
So, basically, if you're looking for such examples of treaties that don't have any sort of provisional application (and require full ratification beforehand), they'd be the exception nowadays. Most economic treaties since the 19th century have provisional application provisions. The Treaty of Versailles was a primary promoter of the practice, it seems, e.g. establishing the International Labor Organization, provisionally, before ratification, although the US did not fall into this pattern early adoption of the practice at the time; it only joined the ILO with explicit Senate approval (and much later, in the 1930s).