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Russia keeps repeating that they do not want to hinder the grain shipping in any way and that the port in Mariupol is safe to use. Why not to say, then, let's ship from Mariupol if that port is safe?
If Russia did start seizing ships, trains or grain, arresting crews, it would at least be possible to say who is responsible. Train engineers are not soldiers.
Well, you have the answer in the story I've linked in your question:
Russia blames the situation on what it says are Ukrainian mines
So basically Ukraine shipping via Mariupol would be a tacit acceptance that the (larger) port of Odessa isn't functioning because of their own/Ukrainian fault, somehow, rather than the Russian navy.
Aside from that, the Russian offer doesn't appear to be entirely unconditional. At least they communicated something like that... via Turkey.
But Russia demanded that the Black Sea be demined and Turkey said allowing the Ukraine exports should be accompanied by easing Western sanctions against Russia.
Ukraine and Russia are at war. When you are at war you try not to treat with the other party, especially with things like grain, since the other party can seize the grain for their own use. It would be like Russia exporting arms via Ukraine - foolhardy, to say the least.
Because Mariupol is currently temporarily occupied by the invading forces of the Russian Federation.
The Russian Federation is known to be engaged in an atrocious war against Ukraine, in violation of numerous treaties which RF is a party to as well as in violation of some of RF's own laws.
During this war RF has violated numerous agreements and has not abided by terms of humanitarian corridors to which it agreed.
RF has also engaged in acts of theft of resources such as lumber, grain, and sheet metal.
Given these factors in their totality, it would be patently absurd to trust that any Ukrainian resources arriving to Mariupol, or any Ukrainian ships waiting to load those resources, would not be subjected to acts of war by the Russian military.
Unfortunately, things are much more complicated.
First, you should memorize, sea port is much more cargo capable than any sort of land transport.
To be exact, few Ukrainian sea ports, made more than TEN times more export/import in natural measures, than now working land transport facilities on EU border.
Second, Russian invade begins not in 2022, but much earlier - in 2014, but it is named "Anti-Terrorist operation", by Poroshenko government.
And during these years, Russia lot of times sent so named "humanitarian convoys", without Ukrainian and/or UN observers and border checks, even when constantly used railway to transport armored vehicles and weapons (so technically could send really peaceful convoys).
So, what Russia really want to do, to open large cargo port to steal Ukrainian goods and in other side, to transfer to Ukraine large quantities of weapons and military supply.
And to be honest, much number of sea mines placed by Ukrainian military, to make impossible Russian landing from sea, and second target is to make impossible to use sea ports to supply Russian military forces on Ukrainian territory.
So right answer with full truth - Ukrainian sea ports will open, when Russian military got away from Ukrainian territories, surrounding Ukrainian ports, and when Russian navy will move far enough from Ukrainian coast. (So Ukraine will have full control over these ports)
Technically possible solution, to place UN forces, to control these territories, and to place military ships of countries non involved in conflict, to accept only humanitarian cargo.
But unfortunately, countries powerful enough to participate in these activities, avoid to do this, because Russia threatens to declare them side of conflict in such case. So I say, West avoid to declare war to Russia.
So at the moment, only possible solution, is to supply Ukrainians with modern western weapons, so Ukrainians will themselves release Ukrainian ports/coasts/territories from occupants.
