Side note: there have been long-running attempts to hold another election, but for various different reasons all such attempts have failed

@JoeW I think the example of the UK is actually apt here, because - purely from a legal standpoint - it's not entirely clear if the UK's "unwritten consitution" includes judges putting limits on what Parliament can do based on basic rights concerns. I wrote a bit on this (in the context of the monarchy, but it generalizes) over on the law stack exchange.

None of that amounts to "intimidation"

@CDJB Britain hasn't always had a Deputy PM though (you may well realise that and were using "deputy" loosely, so already checked other stand-ins, but just mentioning in case not).

The quoted text isn't evidence that the Turkish government is insisting on the diacritic. It's evidence that they are insisting on Türkiye over "'Turkey,' 'Turkei,' 'Turquie'", but it's not evidence they're insisting on Türkiye over Turkiye. Perhaps they insist on that too, but it seems the ordinary letters is what that quote is about. In fact, the fact TRT freely moves between the diacritic and non-diacritic versions is evidence that that isn't the complaint, rather than it being "ironic".

I take a different message from those graphs (especially as libertarian views seem the least likely quadrant in a 2D political compass). That rightward shift of the Republicans can lead to negative campaigning by more centrist Democrats ("Vote to stop those evil guys!"), whereas if Democrats aren't as "scary" then it's harder for Republicans to pressure waverers to hold their nose and vote Republican. So it wouldn't be "libertarians = more centrist" really.

It's not quite true that Republicans have resisted raising the debt ceiling the whole time. Their fervour wavers depending on who's in the White House.

In some countries with proportional representation, voters have the ability to elect more than one candidate, which can involve bigger parties standing multiple candidates in the same election. Presumably a voter in your situation in one of these countries could vote for(/rank higher) a candidate from a wing of the party more in accord with their views on that specific issue, as opposed to the candidate from the mainstream of the party. So it doesn't have to be all or nothing.

Worth saying that aiui in Ireland, their version of inheritance tax includes gifts during lifetime too. And in the 1970s, the UK had the Capital Transfer Tax instead which did the same thing.

Ethnicity is a pretty subjective, multifaceted phenomenon, but the existence of a Taiwanese state, with a people many of whom calling themselves Taiwanese, seems to imply the existence of a Taiwanese ethnicity, in just the same way as it does for Ukraine.

Much of this is good context, but worth saying that "speech to party faithful" and "serious policy speech" aren't mutually exclusive, in that it's quite common for politicians to announce new policies at their annual conference.

It should be pointed out that some of this is more the perception of conservatives, rather than the reality. For example, UK productivity growth has actually been lower post-Thatcher than pre-Thatcher.