Is there a way to determine if a country engages in debt-trap diplomacy? There are people accusing China in engaging in debt-trap diplomacy, but China keeps renegotiating and cancelling debt while it is lending at a much lower rate than commercial lenders from Europe and the United States. So how can we measure or assess that a country does it objectively and are there other countries than China practicing debt-trap diplomacy?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-trap_diplomacy

Debt-trap diplomacy is an international financial relationship where a creditor country or institution extends debt to a borrowing nation partially, or solely, to increase the lender's political leverage. The creditor country is said to extend excessive credit to a debtor country with the intention of extracting economic or political concessions when the debtor country becomes unable to meet its repayment obligations.[1] The conditions of the loans are often not publicized.[2] The borrowed money commonly pays for contractors and materials sourced from the creditor country.

The term was coined by Indian academic Brahma Chellaney to describe how the Chinese government leverages the debt burden of smaller countries for geopolitical ends.[3][4] Other analysts have described the idea of a Chinese debt trap as a "myth" or "distraction".[5][6][7][8]

Is there a way to determine if a country engages in debt-trap diplomacy? There are people accusing China in engaging in debt-trap diplomacy, but China keeps renegotiating and cancelling debt while it is lending at a much lower rate than commercial lenders from Europe and the United States. So how can we measure or assess that a country does it objectively and are there other countries than China practicing debt-trap diplomacy?

Debt Trap Diplomacy (Wiki)

Debt-trap diplomacy is an international financial relationship where a creditor country or institution extends debt to a borrowing nation partially, or solely, to increase the lender's political leverage. The creditor country is said to extend excessive credit to a debtor country with the intention of extracting economic or political concessions when the debtor country becomes unable to meet its repayment obligations.1 The conditions of the loans are often not publicized.[2] The borrowed money commonly pays for contractors and materials sourced from the creditor country.

The term was coined by Indian academic Brahma Chellaney to describe how the Chinese government leverages the debt burden of smaller countries for geopolitical ends.[3][4] Other analysts have described the idea of a Chinese debt trap as a "myth" or "distraction".[5][6][7][8]

Is there a way to determine if a country engages in debt-trap diplomacy? There are people accusing China in engaging in debt-trap diplomacy, but China keeps renegotiating and cancelling debt while it is lending at a much lower rate than commercial lenders from Europe and the United States. So how can we measure or assess that a country does it objectively and are there other countries than China practicing debt-trap diplomacy?

Is there a way to determine if a country engages in debt-trap diplomacy? There are people accusing China in engaging in debt-trap diplomacy, but China keeps renegotiating and cancelling debt while it is lending at a much lower rate than commercial lenders from Europe and the United States. So how can we measure or assess that a country does it objectively and are there other countries than China practicing debt-trap diplomacy?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-trap_diplomacy

Debt-trap diplomacy is an international financial relationship where a creditor country or institution extends debt to a borrowing nation partially, or solely, to increase the lender's political leverage. The creditor country is said to extend excessive credit to a debtor country with the intention of extracting economic or political concessions when the debtor country becomes unable to meet its repayment obligations.[1] The conditions of the loans are often not publicized.[2] The borrowed money commonly pays for contractors and materials sourced from the creditor country.

The term was coined by Indian academic Brahma Chellaney to describe how the Chinese government leverages the debt burden of smaller countries for geopolitical ends.[3][4] Other analysts have described the idea of a Chinese debt trap as a "myth" or "distraction".[5][6][7][8]